![]() ![]() Hare, put it, they are “prescriptive” or “action guiding” ( Hare, 1952 1963). So, what is the common feature of values? What is it that makes all these very different kinds of values relevant to medical decision-making? The nature of values is one of those topics that has been widely debated by philosophers for over 2,000 years! But an important feature of values, and one by which they are at least partly defined, is that, as a former White's Professor of Moral Philosophy in Oxford, R. ![]() They include ethical values, but also values of many other kinds-preferences, needs, hopes, expectations, and so forth-and all these are important areas of values in medicine.Ī helpful definition of values is provided by Sackett et al., in their training manual on evidence-based medicine: “By patient values we mean the unique preferences, concerns and expectations each patient brings to a clinical encounter and which must be integrated into clinical decisions if they are to serve the patient” ( Sackett et al., 2000, page 1 emphasis in the original). However, values encompass much more than ethics. Certainly, few would doubt that ethical problems are widespread in medicine. ![]() ![]() Perhaps the most familiar values in medicine today are ethical values. What Are Values? And What Is Their Relevance To Medical Decision-Making? ![]()
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